Shoulder Replacement Surgery 

• Shoulder arthritis
• Shoulder bursitis
• Frozen shoulder
• Shoulder impingement
• Shoulder instability

A shoulder replacement, also sometimes called a shoulder arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure in which damaged parts of the shoulder are replaced with artificial components. This procedure is typically recommended for conditions such as:

• Severe arthritis (osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis)
• Massive irreparable rotator cuff tears
• Certain fractures that cannot be properly reconstructed to form a functional joint

During the surgery, the damaged humeral head (the ball) and glenoid (the socket) are replaced with prosthetic components, creating an artificial ball-and-socket joint to restore smooth, pain-free movement.

Delaying a shoulder replacement can result in:

• Chronic pain affecting sleep and daily activities
• Loss of movement and arm strength
• Reduced quality of life, potentially impacting work or independence

“The pain and stiffness associated with untreated shoulder arthritis can lead to long-term disability. While recovery may involve some initial discomfort, the benefits far outweigh the ongoing pain and reduced mobility caused by waiting,” says Dr Markham.

Patients with persistent pain, weakness, and stiffness for over six months despite physiotherapy and other non-surgical treatments.
Patients whose conditions significantly affect their quality of life, such as difficulty lifting objects, performing daily tasks, or getting a good night’s sleep.

Total Shoulder Replacement (Anatomic and Reverse)

• Anatomic: Preserves the natural shoulder anatomy and is suited for patients with arthritis and intact rotator cuffs.
• Reverse: Reverses the anatomy of the shoulder joint and is ideal for patients with severe arthritis and rotator cuff tears.
• Fact: Over 80% of shoulder replacements in Australia are now reverse total replacements.*

Partial Shoulder Replacement (Hemiarthroplasty)
Replaces only the humeral head. Historically used for fractures, but less common due to the superior outcomes of reverse replacements.

Short Stem or Mid-Head Total Shoulder Replacement
Bone-preserving option suited for younger patients with good bone quality.

Shoulder Resurfacing
Focuses on preserving humeral bone but has limited application due to higher revision rates.

Revision Surgery
Replaces or adjusts failed shoulder replacements due to complications like loosening, infection, or implant wear.

Modern shoulder replacements are highly durable:

• 95% function well after 10 years
• 85% last for at least 20 years*

Age is becoming less of a barrier due to advancements in surgical techniques and implants.

• Successful surgeries have been performed on patients in their 80s, and Dr Markham has successfully performed shoulder surgeries in even older patients otherwise in reasonable health.
• Younger patients may need to consider the longevity of implants and the possibility of revision surgeries after 20+ years.

Common Side Effects:

• Temporary swelling, bruising, and stiffness
• Pain managed with medication

Less Common Complications:

• Infection, blood clots, or nerve damage
• Implant loosening or dislocation over time

Post-Operative Recovery Timeline

• Driving: Usually safe after 4-6 weeks once the sling is removed.
• Showering: Allowed with waterproof dressing, which is typically removed after two weeks.
• Lifting: Light lifting is permitted after rehabilitation under professional guidance.

Adhering to rehabilitation plans and attending follow-ups is crucial for optimal recovery and long-term outcomes.

Delaying a shoulder replacement increases the risk of:

• Worsening pain and stiffness
• Reduced mobility and potential disability
• Progressive joint damage, making future surgery more complex

Did you know? Approximately one in ten people will experience shoulder pain at some point in their lives. While shoulder issues can significantly impact daily activities, with proper treatment, at least half of those affected achieve full recovery within six months. By seeking expert care and timely treatment, you can significantly reduce the risk of recurrence and ensure long-term shoulder health and functionality.